A New Piggybacking Design for Systematic MDS Storage Codes

Distributed storage codes have important applications in the design of modern storage systems. In a distributed storage system, every storage node has a probability to fail and once an individual storage node fails, it must be reconstructed using data stored in the surviving nodes. Computation load and network bandwidth are two important issues we need to concern when repairing a failed node. The traditional maximal distance separable (MDS) storage codes have low repair complexity but high repair bandwidth. On the contrary, minimal storage regenerating (MSR) codes have low repair bandwidth but high repair complexity. Fortunately, the newly introduced piggyback codes combine the advantages of both ones. In this paper, by introducing a novel piggybacking design framework for systematic MDS codes, we construct a storage code whose average repair bandwidth rate, i.e., the ratio of average repair bandwidth and the amount of the original data, can be as low as $\frac{\sqrt{2r-1}}{r}$, which significantly improves the ratio $\frac{r-1}{2r-1}$ of the previous result. In the meanwhile, every failed systematic node of the new code can be reconstructed quickly using the decoding algorithm of an MDS code, only with some additional additions over the underlying finite field. This is very fast compared with the complex matrix multiplications needed in the repair of a failed node of an MSR code.