A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Multivariate Log-concave Densities

We study the problem of computing the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of multivariate log-concave densities. Our main result is the first computationally efficient algorithm for this problem. In more detail, we give an algorithm that, on input a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and an accuracy parameter $ε>0$, it runs in time $\text{poly}(n, d, 1/ε)$, and outputs a log-concave density that with high probability maximizes the log-likelihood up to an additive $ε$. Our approach relies on a natural convex optimization formulation of the underlying problem that can be efficiently solved by a projected stochastic subgradient method. The main challenge lies in showing that a stochastic subgradient of our objective function can be efficiently approximated. To achieve this, we rely on structural results on approximation of log-concave densities and leverage classical algorithmic tools on volume approximation of convex bodies and uniform sampling from convex sets.