A simple upper bound for trace function of a hypergraph with applications

Let ${H}=(V, {E})$ be a hypergraph on the vertex set $V$ and edge set ${E}\subseteq 2^V$. We show that number of distinct {\it traces} on any $k-$ subset of $V$, is most $k.{\hat α}(H)$, where ${\hat α}(H)$ is the {\it degeneracy} of $H$. The result significantly improves/generalizes some of related results. For instance, the $vc$ dimension $H$ (or $vc(H)$) is shown to be at most $\log({\hat α}(H))+1$ which was not known before. As a consequence $vc(H)$ can be computed in computed in $n^{O( {\rm log}({\hat δ}(H)))}$ time. When applied to the neighborhood systems of a graphs excluding a fixed minor, it reduces the known linear upper bound on the $VC$ dimension to a logarithmic one, in the size of the minor. When applied to the location domination and identifying code numbers of any $n$ vertex graph $G$, one gets the new lower bound of $Ω(n/({\hat α}(G))$, where ${\hat α}(G)$ is the degeneracy of $G$.