DOPAMINE: Doppler frequency and Angle of arrival MINimization of tracking Error for extended reality

In this paper, we investigate how Joint Communication And Sensing (JCAS) can be used to improve the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)- based tracking accuracy of eXtended Reality (XR) Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs). Such tracking is used when optical and InfraRed (IR) tracking is lost, and its lack of accuracy can lead to disruption of the user experience. In particular, we analyze the impact of using doppler-based speed estimation to aid the accelerometer-based position estimation, and Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation to aid the gyroscope-based orientation estimation. Although less accurate than IMUs for short times in fact, the JCAS based methods require one fewer integration step, making the tracking more sustainable over time. Based on the proposed model, we conclude that at least in the case of the position estimate, introducing JCAS can make long lasting optical/IR tracking losses more sustainable.