A Surgery-Detection Two-Dimensional Panorama of Signal Acquisition Technologies in Brain-Computer Interface

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is an interdisciplinary field that allows individuals to connect with the external world. The performance of BCI systems relies predominantly on the advancements of signal acquisition technology. This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of signal acquisition technologies in BCI by examining research articles published in the past decade. Our review incorporates both clinician and engineer perspectives and presents a surgery-detection two-dimensional panorama of signal acquisition technologies in BCI. We classify the technologies into nine distinct categories, providing representative examples and emphasizing the significant challenges associated with each modality. Our review provides researchers and practitioners with a macroscopic understanding of BCI signal acquisition technologies and discuss the field's major issues today. Future development in BCI signal acquisition technology should prioritize the integration of diverse disciplines and perspectives. Striking a balance among signal quality, trauma, biocompatibility, and other relevant factors is crucial. This will promote the advancement of BCI technology, enhancing its efficiency, safety, and reliability, and ultimately contributing to a promising future for humanity.