A Survey on Privacy of Health Data Lifecycle: A Taxonomy, Review, and Future Directions

With the increasing breaches and security threats that endanger health data, ensuring patients' privacy is essential. To that end, the research community has proposed various privacy-preserving approaches based on cryptography, hashing, or ledger technologies for alleviating health data vulnerability. To establish a comprehensive understanding of health data privacy risks, and the benefits and limitations of existing privacy-preserving approaches, we perform a detailed review of existing work and distill 10 distinct privacy concerns occurring in a health data lifecycle. Furthermore, we classify existing approaches based on their applicability to particular privacy concerns occurring at a particular lifecycle stage. Finally, we propose a taxonomy of techniques used for privacy preservation in healthcare and triangulate those techniques with the lifecycle stages and concerns. Our review indicates heavy usage of cryptographical techniques in this domain. However, we have also found that healthcare systems have special requirements that require novel cryptographic techniques and security schemes to address special needs. Therefore, we identify several future research directions to mitigate the security challenges for privacy preservation in health data management.