A "User Experience 3.0 (UX 3.0)" Paradigm Framework: User Experience Design for Human-Centered AI Systems

The human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) design approach, the user-centered design (UCD) version in the intelligence era, has been promoted to address potential negative issues caused by AI technology; user experience design (UXD) is specifically called out to facilitate the design and development of human-centered AI systems. Over the last three decades, user experience (UX) practice can be divided into three stages in terms of technology platform, user needs, design philosophy, ecosystem, scope, focus, and methodology of UX practice. UX practice is moving towards the intelligence era. Still, the existing UX paradigm mainly aims at non-intelligent systems and lacks a systematic approach to address UX for designing and developing human-centered AI products and systems. The intelligence era has put forward new demands on the UX paradigm. This paper proposes a "UX 3.0" paradigm framework and the corresponding UX methodology for UX practice in the intelligence era. The "UX 3.0" paradigm framework includes four categories of emerging experiences in the intelligence era: ecosystem-based experience, innovation-enabled experience, AI-enabled experience, and human-AI interaction-based experience, each compelling us to enhance current UX practice in terms of design philosophy, scope, focus, and methodology. We believe that the "UX 3.0" paradigm helps enhance existing UX practice and provides methodological support for the research and applications of UX in developing human-centered AI systems. Finally, this paper looks forward to future work implementing the "UX 3.0" paradigm.