Friction tunable electrostatic clutch with low driving voltage for kinesthetic haptic feedback

As interest in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) increases, the demand for kinesthetic haptic feedback devices is rapidly rising. Motor based haptic interfaces are heavy and bulky, leading to discomfort for the user. To address this issue, haptic gloves based on electrostatic clutches that offer fast response times and a thin form factor are being researched. However, high operating voltages and variable force control remain challenges to overcome. Electrostatic clutches utilizing functional polymers with charge accumulation properties and dielectric liquid can generate the frictional shear stress over a wide range from 0.35 N/cm$^2$ to 18.9 N/cm$^2$ at low voltages below 100 V. Based on this, the haptic glove generates a high blocking force and is comfortable to wear.