FairTalk: Facilitating Balanced Participation in Video Conferencing by Implicit Visualization of Predicted Turn-Grabbing Intention

Creating fair opportunities for all participants to contribute is a notable challenge in video conferencing. This paper introduces FairTalk, a system that facilitates the subconscious redistribution of speaking opportunities. FairTalk predicts participants' turn-grabbing intentions using a machine learning model trained on web-collected videoconference data with positive-unlabeled learning, where turn-taking detection provides automatic positive labels. To subtly balance speaking turns, the system visualizes predicted intentions by mimicking natural human behaviors associated with the desire to speak. A user study suggests that FairTalk may help improve speaking balance, though subjective feedback indicates no significant perceived impact. We also discuss design implications derived from participant interviews.