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The Ethereal
FLARE: Task-agnostic embedding model evaluation through a normalization process
April 19, 2026 ยท Grace Period ยท ๐ Findings of ACL 2026
Authors
Jingzhou Jiang, Yixuan Tang, Yi Yang, Kar Yan Tam
arXiv ID
2604.17344
Category
cs.LG: Machine Learning
Cross-listed
cs.CL
Citations
0
Venue
Findings of ACL 2026
Abstract
When task-specific labels are not available, it becomes difficult to select an embedding model for a specific target corpus. Existing labelless measures based on kernel estimators or Gaussian mixes fail in high-dimensional space, resulting in unstable rankings. We propose a flow-based labelless representation embedding evaluation (FLARE), which utilizes normalized streams to estimate information sufficiency directly from log-likelihood and avoid distance-based density estimation. We give a finite sample boundary, indicating that the estimation error depends on the intrinsic dimension of the data manifold rather than the original embedding dimension. On 11 datasets and 8 embedders, FLARE reached Spearman's $ฯ$ of 0.90 under the supervised benchmark and remained stable in high-dimensional embeddings ($d \geq 3{,}584$) as the existing labelless baseline collapsed.
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